Microbial+Science

Culturing Bacteria (note that less than 1% of bacteria, especially atmospheric, is cultivable) http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/black06.htm

http://www.pnas.org/content/110/7/2575.full.pdf+html http://www.news.gatech.edu/2013/01/27/study-finds-substantial-microorganism-populations-upper-troposphere

__(Litho)Panspermia--quite controversial, to be approached with skepticism:__ Lithopanspermia specifically (2003) [] Predominantly theorizing (2003) [] 41 km stratospheric sampling (2006) [] Survival of microorganisms in outer space (2010) [] A broad overview (2012?) [] Wickramasinghe, a major proponent, writes (2010) [] Potential bias (2013) []

__Surveys:__ Some older research concerning atmospheric supra-oceanic microorganisms (1966) [] Though conducted at a relatively low altitude, useful for its characterization of biogenic aerosols via genetic analysis (2007) [] A survey of airborne bacteria (2009) []

__Dispersal/Transport:__ Microbes in clouds of desert dust (2007) [] Microbes in the stratosphere (2009) [] Stratosphere 20k over the Pacific (2010) Stratospheric survival and implications for dispersal (2011) [] Trophospheric transport of microbes (2012) [] Intercontinental atmospheric transpacific dispersal of microorganisms (is there an Atlantic investigation?) 2012 []

__Climate/Climate Change:__ Climatological implications--ice/snow cloud nucleation (2008) [] Climatological implications of microbes in the upper atmosphere (2013) [] Questioning the above (2013)* [] Reply to the questioning above (2013)* []

__Methodology and Research:__ Identification techniques: capillary electrophoresis (2003) [] Concerning difficulties encountered in atmospheric microorganism research (2011) [] A broader overview of recent aero/astrobiological microbial research, esp. at UW (2011) [] "Unique opportunities for astrobiological research" (2013)* []


 * Not full access

It would seem that names such as Wickramasinghe and Griffin are disproportionately represented here. This is not intentional, and may have its cause in the newness of the field. Additionally, the integrity and quality of publications such a the 'Journal of Cosmology' is contestable. The JoC has been listed as a 'potential, possible, or probable predatory open access journal' by Jefrey Beale, online critic of open access publications. []

Article [|__http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1556/1/wainrightm1.pdf__] Cryogenic Sampler [|__http://cvintl.com/index.php?id=024__] Tropopause around 17 km--limits bacteria @ high altitudes by acting as barrier to molecules, not gasses/volatiles How does bacteria get past tropopause, remain viable? --volcanoes, ejection by force, (only for a few, does not cause sedimentation --blue lightning strikes, up to 70 km  --thunderstorms, forest fires  --soot, gravito-photophoresis  --oligotrophic (low nutrient levels) bacteria, are smaller, more likely to be transported w/ GP

clumps of bacteria are large--too large to be carried into stratosphere determine that viable but non-culturable bacteria could originate from space stratpspheric is a combination of UVA, UVB, UVC, mutagenic stratospheric effect could influence evolution of terrestrial bacteria

culturable terrestrial bacteria non-culturable but viable clumping extraterrestrial/exoplanetary hypobaric, oligotrophic, irradiated Russian bacteria 60 km Griffin viable 20 km  41 km--w/fimbriae

Surivival: carbonization of membrane/wall, clump formation (fimbrae), association w/ dust (?) protection from UV rays